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Magnetic-based HDDs still cheapest in 2020

Grant Steele   on 24 October 2009 - 23:39 · 67 comments & 6590 views

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A new study has found that if magnetic-based hard disk drives (HDDs) continue to progress at their current rate then by 2020 we'll see a 2.5" HDD with a capacity of more than 14TB at a cost of about $US40. Flash memory will also become cheaper, but will reach terminal limits before 2020 keeping the ultra-fast technology from replacing HDDs.

The study by Professor Mark Kryder and Chan Soo Kim of Carnegie Mellon University, published in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, showed that in fact most technologies wouldn't be able to compete with HDDs on a cost-per-TB basis by 2020. That is, except for two new technologies: phase change random access memory (PCRAM) and spin transfer torque random access memory (STTRAM).

PCRAM is based on a technology involving heat and chalcogenide glass. Heating the glass switches between both an amorphous and crystalline state that can be used as memory. The downside is this technology takes a lot of power to sustain.

STTRAM uses a spin-polarized current that writes data by reorienting states of a magnetic tunnel. The technology is more power conscious than PCRAM, but at this point it has less potential for higher capacities of data.

Commenting on the study, Kryder said, "We were surprised to find that the study indicated that, even in 2020, HDDs were likely to be considerably less expensive on a cost per terabyte basis than any of the competing technologies."

Kryder also went on to say that he found it surprising that the technical limits and potential of certain technologies weren't reflective of where the industry is investing its research dollars. Rather, Kryder believes the industry invests where they have the most current knowledge.

Kryder hopes the study will focus the industry in evaluating technologies that have significant potential long-term - i.e. PCRAM and STTRAM.

The study can be read in the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics journal, Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2009.

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(4 replies) #1 +Tony. on 25 Oct 2009 - 08:51
Might be cheaper, but flash drives won't be that far behind.

HDD's for storage, SSD's for speed.
#1.1 MaJoR on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:39
Till the flash drive ends up at the end of it's life and dies.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory#Memory_wear
#1.2 +Tony. on 25 Oct 2009 - 13:55
Yes, because NAND has come to an end of it's life. This is why we'll have advancements, and no one said that NAND would be the preferred format to Flash memory in 2020.

Not to mention that SLC will most likely take over MLC's when the prices come down. 100,000 writes? That's plenty of writes to play with.
#1.3 Raa on 25 Oct 2009 - 21:54
IS 100k writes enough though? For long time archiving it isn't. For people doing a LOT of writing (databases, servers, etc) it isn't either.

Nope, not going to work. We'll need a significant breakthrough in terms of write capability before it can go "serious" mainstream.
#1.4 GP007 on 25 Oct 2009 - 22:28
If you want to archive you use the HDD, SSDs are more for read speed than anything. Install the OS and apps, keep the files you d/l and delete on a 2nd bigger HDD.
#2 fardeen on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:00
yeah i do believe that flash memory will be more significant in the near future
(2 replies) #3 cerealfreak on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:08
And you're both basing these comments on what???? Did you read the article above or the study in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics??????

HDD's will still be cheaper and more capacious per unit cost as oppossed to ANY existing tech or currently in development, future technology.

Your comments baffle me!!!!!
#3.1 Mikeyx11 on 25 Oct 2009 - 10:28
cerealfreak said,
And you're both basing these comments on what???? Did you read the article above or the study in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics??????

HDD's will still be cheaper and more capacious per unit cost as oppossed to ANY existing tech or currently in development, future technology.

Your comments baffle me!!!!!

Not necessarily. This is just an informed prediction, not fact.
#3.2 Shadrack on 25 Oct 2009 - 17:19
cerealfreak said,
And you're both basing these comments on what???? Did you read the article above or the study in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics??????

HDD's will still be cheaper and more capacious per unit cost as oppossed to ANY existing tech or currently in development, future technology.

Your comments baffle me!!!!!



Even if that is true, and I do not doubt that it is, I believe that the market is going to favor speed and energy efficiency more than size/cost ratios. Whichever technology has the best of all the factors will win out.

There could still be both types in production in 2020 without either really winning out.
(10 replies) #4 AUSSIE_FLOYD_FAN on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:09
Damn that's a lot of space.. But I bet the actual formatted space would be like 10TB unless they figure out how to make it actually 14 TB after formatting......

That's gotta be a lot of porn

also for upgrading to the next os,by current standards since
640GB=20-21 hours
14TB=450 hours=19 days
#4.1 +Tony. on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:23
You need to understand the upgrade process and not pull numbers out of your ass.
#4.2 Navan on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:52
Tony. said,
You need to understand the upgrade process and not pull numbers out of your ass.

lol, gotta agree with that.
#4.3 Unplugged on 25 Oct 2009 - 09:59
You also need to realise that space isnt "lost" at all in formatting its simply because HDD manufacturers undersell their drives by basing the size on base10 1000B per KB where as in the real world computers use binary which is base 2 so the nearest representable is 1024.

To make a true 1GB hdd you would need 1024MB hence why you only get 0.9x which obviously multiplies out the biger they go ( 1024GB in a TB )
#4.4 Mathiasdm on 25 Oct 2009 - 10:32
Unplugged said,
You also need to realise that space isnt "lost" at all in formatting its simply because HDD manufacturers undersell their drives by basing the size on base10 1000B per KB where as in the real world computers use binary which is base 2 so the nearest representable is 1024.

To make a true 1GB hdd you would need 1024MB hence why you only get 0.9x which obviously multiplies out the biger they go ( 1024GB in a TB )

A 'true 1 GB hard drive'? Please, just call it 1 GiB.
#4.5 McoreD on 25 Oct 2009 - 11:54
Unplugged said,
You also need to realise that space isnt "lost" at all in formatting its simply because HDD manufacturers undersell their drives by basing the size on base10 1000B per KB where as in the real world computers use binary which is base 2 so the nearest representable is 1024.

To make a true 1GB hdd you would need 1024MB hence why you only get 0.9x which obviously multiplies out the biger they go ( 1024GB in a TB )


LOL at " a true 1GB hdd", it has a specific name since 1999. Just call it 1 GiB.
#4.6 +Tony. on 25 Oct 2009 - 13:56
Unplugged said,
You also need to realise that space isnt "lost" at all in formatting its simply because HDD manufacturers undersell their drives by basing the size on base10 1000B per KB where as in the real world computers use binary which is base 2 so the nearest representable is 1024.

To make a true 1GB hdd you would need 1024MB hence why you only get 0.9x which obviously multiplies out the biger they go ( 1024GB in a TB )



I don't think SSD's have this problem...
#4.7 AUSSIE_FLOYD_FAN on 25 Oct 2009 - 14:11
Tony. said,
You need to understand the upgrade process and not pull numbers out of your ass.

sorry man.. it was just a joke sorta i ........ i was just saying thats a damn lot of space lols....

i wonder of weel have 10Gigabyte a second read write times by then?
#4.8 +macf13nd on 25 Oct 2009 - 14:52
Tony. said,
I don't think SSD's have this problem...


Because they're labelling them correctly now?

Perhaps this was the case when your usb stick was '64MB'. Not so with a 2GB one I assume. Please correct me if I'm wrong!
#4.9 Atlonite on 28 Oct 2009 - 05:22
All storage media at the moment is sized on Base10 and not Base2 so therefor all media is sized wrong whether it be Nand flash or dvdr or magnetic HDD and as there isn't an OS that uses base10 then starage manufacturers are lying to us all and getting away with it i dont call 74.5GB 80GB do you media should be made big enough to allow for the formated size to equal the stated size
#4.10 Wolf from Madoshi Forums on 31 Oct 2009 - 01:48
AUSSIE_FLOYD_FAN said,
Damn that's a lot of space.. But I bet the actual formatted space would be like 10TB unless they figure out how to make it actually 14 TB after formatting......

That's gotta be a lot of porn

also for upgrading to the next os,by current standards since
640GB=20-21 hours
14TB=450 hours=19 days


first, the HDD manufacturers will think up something to keep the gap from getting wider. might be something really retarded like just making the drives closer to advertised capacity, or maybe something really smart like feeding the marketing department with binary (tera)bytes

second, 14TB in 2020 is probably going to be a relatively small space.

third, i am rather confused about the 640GB = 20 hours thing. what are you referring to? video capacity? i can store 20 hours worth of good quality video within 10GB of space no problem

19 days? by 2020, 2048P will be considered "low end". 4K movie theatres won't be so hot anymore. consumer-grade video camcorders will be able to see more than yer eyes can

remember, hard drives get bigger and more advanced as time goes on, to match everything else, which also grows
(4 replies) #5 carmatic on 25 Oct 2009 - 11:49
by then people would have gotten so tired of losing larger and larger amounts of data from hard disks being so fragile, that they'd choose SSD's instead...
and investing in research in where they already had the most knowledge? i thought the whole point of research is to do exactly the opposite...

Last edited by carmatic on 25 Oct 2009 - 12:37
#5.1 Ci7 on 25 Oct 2009 - 12:14
you had lost nothing , read comment above
#5.2 carmatic on 26 Oct 2009 - 03:32
Ci7 said,
you had lost nothing , read comment above

but all it takes is just a little knock and it could all be gone?? i've had so many hard disks die on me from physical damage, im surprised that something so fragile can be so widespread...
#5.3 Ci7 on 26 Oct 2009 - 05:56
carmatic said,
but all it takes is just a little knock and it could all be gone?? i've had so many hard disks die on me from physical damage, im surprised that something so fragile can be so widespread...


oh i see.

i thought you were complaining about"lost some space after formating disk" lol

#5.4 Cziu on 27 Oct 2009 - 07:18
carmatic said,
by then people would have gotten so tired of losing larger and larger amounts of data from hard disks being so fragile, that they'd choose SSD's instead


Nonsense, as if SSD is so reliable lol, I've read many horror stories about that and guess what; all data needs to be backed up, even the stuff on SSD, so reliability becomes less of an issue, but on the other hand, backup on hard drives is much cheaper!
(5 replies) #6 ThaCrip on 25 Oct 2009 - 12:11
"2.5" 14TB for 40 bucks"

sounds like a dream today. lol
#6.1 billycrack on 26 Oct 2009 - 01:56
Probably as much as a 2TB drive would sound to me 11 years ago. How big were the big HDD's in 1998, 60-80 GB maybe?
#6.2 djesteban on 26 Oct 2009 - 04:02
ThaCrip said,
"2.5" 14TB for 40 bucks"

sounds like a dream today. lol

14TB is still disappointing... I was expecting petabyte range by then... but hey... there's still time x_x
#6.3 Ci7 on 26 Oct 2009 - 05:57
look in the bright side

they havent talked about 3.5" HDD which most of us use today for desktop
#6.4 aludanyi on 26 Oct 2009 - 14:39
billycrack said,
Probably as much as a 2TB drive would sound to me 11 years ago. How big were the big HDD's in 1998, 60-80 GB maybe?


Actually in 1998 even 60-80GB was a dream most HDD's back then was under 10GB and the high-end capacity was around 16GB. The average PC HDD was somewhere around 3GB (2.4 - 3.2 GB).

I don't think 14TB is real for 2020, we will probably hit that in 2015 and I believe something like 50TB will be a reality around 2020.

SSD's will probably be the "name of the game" in consumer stuff, while we will probably have HDD's in our home servers (which will became a normal thing to have around by then) and Datacenters will be still on HDD's (most of the part) and if you believe that the future is THE CLOUD, it is obvious that HDD's will be with us for a long long time. But one again, in our laptops, netbooks and other consumer stuff, SSD's will reign. BTW, local capacity won't be so important as it is now, network bandwidth and secure technologies will allow us to get access to our files from anywhere, anytime, so we will store our files up in the cloud and on our home servers. Business will also store their files in the cloud or on-premise not on the local machines (which will be mostly mobile machines/laptops and most people will work remotely - from home or from the road - by 2020, this is already happening but it will be many times more massive in the future).
#6.5 ThatOne6uy on 26 Oct 2009 - 18:43
aludanyi said,
Actually in 1998 even 60-80GB was a dream most HDD's back then was under 10GB and the high-end capacity was around 16GB. The average PC HDD was somewhere around 3GB (2.4 - 3.2 GB).

Yeah, I still have a 5GB drive that I bought back in the summer of '98. Boy, was that a ton o' space back then! I put it in a PC that had a 1GB primary drive.
(4 replies) #7 Farchord on 25 Oct 2009 - 12:19
Wont matter much, world is ending in 2012 XD
#7.1 smithy_dll on 25 Oct 2009 - 12:32
The world has already ended, you just haven't realised it yet.

[/tin-foil-hat]


It won't matter if HDDs are cheaper if they are more expensive to run. As a mechanical device they have fixed power requirements. Green data centres and increasing pressures to get 8 hour computing from laptops will force SSDs.

It may be true desktops will still use HDDs as they will be "cheaper".
#7.2 s1k3sT on 25 Oct 2009 - 12:34
No, it's not! That's like saying the world's going to end on December 31st, because it's the last day on the calendar.

If the Copenhagen treaty passes, yes the beginning of the world is here, but we have the ability to save it, if anyone cares enough...
#7.3 billycrack on 26 Oct 2009 - 02:05
Bah, don't worry, Google will probably have everything backed up then, from trees to fishes and even human beings

Just click on the "cached" link if something goes wrong in 2012!
#7.4 Sadelwo on 26 Oct 2009 - 13:02
smithy_dll said,
The world has already ended, you just haven't realised it yet.

[/tin-foil-hat]


Matrix reference?
(4 replies) #8 dagamer34 on 25 Oct 2009 - 13:19
Thing is, I think this study only matters for people who want need massive amounts of extremely fast storage space. Other than that, SSD use falls into two camps:

1) Desktops using an SSD as a boot drive, where even 32-64GB will do just fine.
2) Laptop use where the sweet spot in terms of storage actually used is between 128GB and 256GB

It's the latter category that will really explode in the next decade to come, completely displacing traditional platter-based HDDs because of their multiple benefits: faster random access, faster sequential access, lower power, no moving parts, dexterity from a fall.

#8.1 shhac on 25 Oct 2009 - 14:00
Bill Gates said,
No one will need more than 637 kb of memory for a personal computer.
Your assumption is based entirely on the idea that digital media won't require more space to store. As fast internet speeds become commonplace don't be surprised to see things like 1080p video everywhere, which will seriously eat into that 128-256GB of yours.
When it comes to laptops, I think power requirements will be the major deciding factor by far.
#8.2 dagamer34 on 25 Oct 2009 - 16:43
shhac said,
Your assumption is based entirely on the idea that digital media won't require more space to store. As fast internet speeds become commonplace don't be surprised to see things like 1080p video everywhere, which will seriously eat into that 128-256GB of yours.
When it comes to laptops, I think power requirements will be the major deciding factor by far.


Certainly if you're watching that stuff at home, I expect data to be streamed from a home server rather than stored locally, since that's the cheapest way to do it. As for on the road, that really depends on how good wireless networks are in the future. If we can get 8Mbps while on the road reliably from an LTE network as well as 8Mbps uploads from your home, I see no reason to store 1080p HD content locally and instead just stream it from a server at home. But that's 10 years down the road if not a pipe dream.

At the very least, should wireless networks improve to the point where streaming video is possible without congesting the network, laptop storage space doesn't have to balloon like desktop and server storage space need to. Which is why I think my points are still valid.
#8.3 RealFduch on 25 Oct 2009 - 23:35
shhac said,
Bill Gates said,
No one will need more than 637 kb of memory for a personal computer.

Did you invent this lie yourself ar are you just spreading someone else's lie?
#8.4 Ricmacas on 26 Oct 2009 - 21:58
RealFduch said,
Did you invent this lie yourself ar are you just spreading someone else's lie?

Bill Gates actually said the sentence shhac mentioned.
You should actually google things before asking: http://is.gd/4D71a
(1 reply) #9 Fish on 25 Oct 2009 - 14:18
Servers will always need more storage capacity, and this is where high-density magnetic HDD's will find their home. But by 2020 home users' PC's will be more like thin clients, using super-fast SSD technology entirely. Local storage will not be as important as the speed in which data can be streamed from the cloud and processed. Both technologies will co-exist, but applied where they are best suited.
#9.1 Ci7 on 25 Oct 2009 - 14:42
that if we all had 100mbps uncapped by then

or else


Epic fail!
#10 Xero on 25 Oct 2009 - 18:05
While they may be cheaper I don't know if they'd make it that high on capacity. They're having and hard enough time fitting more data on less platters. Unless they can find away around this I can see SSD's being able to leapfrog them in capacity. Today's rate is not only slower than SSD's but most gained is from an additional platter and a thicker than normal drive. While I'd jump at the idea of a 14TB 2.5" drive. Look how long its taken us to go from 1TB 3.5" to 2TB. We still only have 500GB 2.5" with 750GB not even close to a public release.
(2 replies) #11 master2k27 on 25 Oct 2009 - 18:20
did not say how big SSD drives will be

and why do we need 14TB hard drives? when people don't relay use up 1TB.

most company are trying to reduce the space footprint.
#11.1 Atlonite on 28 Oct 2009 - 05:33
don't know about you but by 2020 i'll be needing a 10 gigaquad storage medium for all my pron

(startrekTNG reference) LOL
#11.2 Wolf from Madoshi Forums on 31 Oct 2009 - 01:56
master2k27 said,
did not say how big SSD drives will be

and why do we need 14TB hard drives? when people don't relay use up 1TB.

most company are trying to reduce the space footprint.


why do we need 1GB drives? wasn't 850 megs enough?

same thing different decade - **** grows
#12 ziph on 25 Oct 2009 - 18:24
Well I already replaced my internal 1TiB drive with a 160GiB SSD, so I guess I am just ahead of the curve! But like someone else said we will use the old platters to store our stuff, and my 1TiB drive is now sitting in my NMT with all my media files on it.
(3 replies) #13 s0nic69 on 25 Oct 2009 - 19:02
Flash memory
will also become cheaper, but will reach terminal limits before 2020 keeping the ultra-fast technology from replacing HDDs.

What terminal limits? i dont get it. can someone explain?
#13.1 smithy_dll on 25 Oct 2009 - 20:46
Minimum feature size in a silicon circuit, atoms aren't infinitely small.
#13.2 carmatic on 26 Oct 2009 - 03:35
smithy_dll said,
Minimum feature size in a silicon circuit, atoms aren't infinitely small.

unless, of course, we've gone quantum by then... you'd get more information out of an atom, but then again 'terabytes' wouldnt mean alot anymore...
#13.3 Wolf from Madoshi Forums on 31 Oct 2009 - 02:00
s0nic69 said,
Flash memory
will also become cheaper, but will reach terminal limits before 2020 keeping the ultra-fast technology from replacing HDDs.

What terminal limits? i dont get it. can someone explain?


as in current Flash technology will be reaching it's very utmost limits sometime in the future. you know, kinda like single-core CPUs, or removable magnetic disk-based media?
#14 rippleman on 25 Oct 2009 - 23:30
it won't matter to most of us... it'll all be cloud
#15 Skullpture on 26 Oct 2009 - 00:59
And the economy will worsen in such a way that today's prices would seem generous. Win-win.
#16 kizzaaa on 26 Oct 2009 - 01:38
I'm guessing we'll have hybrid HDs by that time.
#17 naap51stang on 26 Oct 2009 - 02:31
HDD's are still WAY cheaper...unless you treat your computer like a tank, stick with mechanical drives.
#18 djesteban on 26 Oct 2009 - 03:55
O-oo--o-only 14TB in 2020
Ohhhhh, nooooo..... this is so sad.... I really though we would be in the petabyte range by then.... sucks
#19 Ci7 on 26 Oct 2009 - 04:13
i wander who much ram we would had by 2020


i think 128GB(+) of DDR3/DDR4 or maybe DDR5!!!
(2 replies) #20 DClark on 26 Oct 2009 - 04:20
Here is a really crazy idea HDD manufacturers. Make magnetic HDDs with a built-in flash SDD partition for the operating system(s) and programs, whle having the magnetic partition for your multimedia files and such. Of course us smart techies are capable of rendering such a setup already, but having an all-in-one solution for system builders and OEMs will be convenient, resulting in faster retail PCs and laptops to market.
#20.1 The Guardian on 26 Oct 2009 - 05:04
IMO this can be done even now, but the drive would become physically bigger.
#20.2 yxz on 26 Oct 2009 - 05:07
DClark said,
Here is a really crazy idea HDD manufacturers. Make magnetic HDDs with a built-in flash SDD partition for the operating system(s) and programs, whle having the magnetic partition for your multimedia files and such. Of course us smart techies are capable of rendering such a setup already, but having an all-in-one solution for system builders and OEMs will be convenient, resulting in faster retail PCs and laptops to market.

die hdd die
(2 replies) #21 S7un7 on 26 Oct 2009 - 12:17
SSDs are making huge improvements and have more benefits over magnetic hard drives (except price). For people that argue about the lifespan of writing to a SSD, magnetic hard drives don't last forever either. Something will eventually go bad with either drive. Magnetic hard drives will need to decrease power consumption, increase reliability when dropped, increase speed, and decrease size before they overcome the benefits of SSD...
#21.1 RangerLG on 26 Oct 2009 - 15:39
...or, we can just not drop the drive?
#21.2 S7un7 on 26 Oct 2009 - 16:59
RangerLG said,
...or, we can just not drop the drive?


Yeah, people never drop laptops or portable hard drives..... That's why companies started putting in active hard drive protection. The laptop manufacturer needs to support this feature for it to protect the hard drive though
(1 reply) #22 bnajbert on 26 Oct 2009 - 17:14
There is a problem with drives getting that big. They aren't reliable for server use when they are that big.
Why hard drives are dead in 2009
I think SSD is the way to go when they fix the amount of available reads issue.
#22.1 Cziu on 27 Oct 2009 - 07:29
"I think SSD is the way to go"

Yeah, after 20 years or so rotflmao. 14TB now costs less than $1,000, buy the same in SSD and you'll pay close to $40,000 and then you don't even have backup storage lol
#23 Cziu on 27 Oct 2009 - 07:27
You can now have 14TB for less than a $1000, a solid state configration of that size would cost you close to $35,000 to $45,000 and then you don't even have a backup drive. No, wake me up in 2030.

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