It appears that the latest cumulative update for Windows 11 and 10 did not go as smoothly as Microsoft wanted. Following reports about all sorts of issues and crashes happening after installing the May 2022 cumulative update, Microsoft has updated the Windows Health dashboard notification with a notice about new confirmed bugs in Windows 10 and 11.
Microsoft says KB5013943 (Windows 11, build 22000.675) and KB5013942 (Windows 10, builds 19043.1706, 19042.1706, and 19041.1706) cause authentication failures on the server or client for services, such as NPS, RRAS, EAP, and PEAP. The problem is related to how the domain controller handles the mapping of certificates to machine accounts.
It is important to note that the confirmed bug does not affect client Windows devices and non-domain controlled Windows Servers.
Microsoft is investigating the problem and working on fixing it in future releases. Meanwhile, IT admins can workaround the issue by mapping certificates to a machine account in Active Directory manually, and the needed instructions are available in the Certificate Mapping documentation.
Although the authentication bug does not affect consumer devices, Windows 11 users report experiencing other problems after installing the May 2022 cumulative update. For example, blue screens of death, broken Event Viewer, problems with .NET apps, and others.
Update: Microsoft released optional updates to fix the issue.