International Space Station (Updates)

6,181 · January 20, 2016

NASA International Space Station On-Orbit Status 19 January 2016

Expedition 46 Commander and NASA astronaut Scott Kelly works to clean up a leak in the Waste and Hygiene Compartment aboard the International Space Station. Crew members are routinely called on for maintenance efforts across the orbiting laboratory as they work to keep their various life support systems in working order. Credit: NASA.

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The crew checked a spacesuit for leaks over the weekend after a successful spacewalk that was terminated early on Friday. The International Space Station residents also got back to work today on advanced space research, spacewalk gear cleanup activities and preparations for another spacewalk next month.

Astronaut Tim Kopra reported a small water bubble in his spacesuit Friday during a short spacewalk. Shortly afterward, he and fellow spacewalker Tim Peake were ordered back inside the station. Once inside, the water was collected and stored for analysis on the ground. The suit was later pressurized and tested though no further leaks were detected.

Kopra also worked on the Fine Motor Skills experiment, cleaned up the Quest airlock and checked a spacesuit battery. Peake set up the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace in Japan's laboratory module to begin research on the thermophysical properties of various materials.

The next spacewalk is scheduled for Feb. 3. Cosmonauts Yuri Malenchenko and Sergey Volkov will exit the Pirs docking compartment in their Orlan spacesuits for several hours of Russian tasks.

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Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) Setup: Kopra and Peake completed the setup of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ELF equipment and installation into the Multi-purpose Small Payload Rack 2 (MSPR2) work volume in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). Later this week crewmembers will continue the setup and next week will install a sample cartridge and checkout the equipment. The ELF is an experimental facility designed to levitate, melt and solidify materials employing containerless processing techniques that use the electrostatic levitation method with charged samples and electrodes. With this facility, thermophysical properties of high temperature melts can be measured and solidification from deeply undercooled melts can be achieved.

SOLAR: Measurements continued to be taken for European Space Agency's (ESA's) SOLAR investigation during the current sun visibility window, which is open from January 11th to January 22nd. The goal of the SOLAR instruments is to measure solar spectral irradiance and variability.

Nitrogen/Oxygen Recharge System (NORS) Setup and Oxygen Transfer: Kopra set up and configured a NORS Oxygen Recharge Tank and initiated the first transfer of oxygen to the US Airlock High Pressure Gas Tanks (HPGTs) using this new capability. NORS provides the capability to refill the HPGTs with nitrogen and oxygen following Shuttle retirement.

Post-Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Activities: Today, Kopra configured the US Airlock following EVA operations and prepared Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) and equipment for stowage.

Crew Quarters Baseplate Ballast Assembly (BBA) Replacement: Kopra replaced the BBA in the starboard Crew Quarters that failed on Sunday night. The BBA is a component of the General Luminaire Assembly (GLA), which provides illumination inside the Crew Quarters. The replacement restored lighting to the Crew Quarters.

Node 3 Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Fault: Overnight, the Node 3 (N3) CDRA indicated a fault. Preliminary data review suggested a Fan Motor Controller (FMC) to Hub Control Zone (HCZ) Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (MDM) communication issue. All other CDRA hardware data was nominal up to that point. During the day, the N3 CDRA FMC did not respond to multiple attempts to restart. The Lab CDRA and the Russian carbon dioxide removal equipment (Vozdukh) are currently up and running. ISS is in a good configuration for removing carbon dioxide. Ground teams continue to assess the fault signatures.

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Configuring ISS for NORS operations
Three-Day Look Ahead:

Wednesday, 01/20: EMU Loop Scrubs, Airway Monitoring, Cardox, Twin Study
Thursday, 01/21: ISS Emergency Training, Fundoscope, Airway Monitoring
Friday, 01/22: RRM Taskboard 4 Removal from JEMAL, ELF, OcularHealth, HMS Ultrasounds, Airway Monitoring Stow

Component - Status

Elektron - On
Vozdukh - Manual
[СКВ] 1 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV1") - On
[СКВ] 2 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV2") - Off
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab - Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3 - Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab - Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3 - Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) - Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) - Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab - Full Up
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Node 3 - Off

http://spaceref.com/international-space-station/nasa-international-space-station-on-orbit-status-19-january-2016.html

Tim's spacewalk highlights

video is 6:04 min.

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Eve of Launch: 2016 Goals Vital to Commercial Crew Success

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NASA’s Commercial Crew Program and its aerospace industry partners Boeing and SpaceX are on the eve of America’s return to human spaceflight launches. By the time the year closes, Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner and SpaceX’s Crew Dragon will be poised for the flight tests that allow our astronauts to travel to the International Space Station lifting off from Florida’s Space Coast.

It won’t be easy. Successful missions will require a comprehensive testing regimen of numerous systems on the ground and in space. That is why the outline of tasks for 2016 is so important. The result of each evaluation will be vital in the design of the systems. From parachute tests, to launch pad certifications, to the completion of spacecraft that will fly into orbit, this year offers both companies opportunities to build on the momentum of 2015 and carry it through to landmark space achievements in 2017. Read the details of what NASA’s Commercial Crew Program and its partners will be working on in 2016 to set us up for 2017 .

https://blogs.nasa.gov/kennedy/2016/01/20/eve-of-launch-2016-goals-vital-to-commercial-crew-success/

Real good section on the developments and requirements that will be planned for 2016...good read...

http://www.nasa.gov/feature/eve-of-launch-2016-goals-vital-to-commercial-crew-success

13,804 · January 22, 2016

6,181 · January 22, 2016

Excellent, that's the farthest ISS transit background that I have ever seen....I'm downloading that one...

6,181 · January 22, 2016

NASA International Space Station On-Orbit Status 21 January 2016

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly (left) and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko (right) marked their 300th consecutive day aboard the International Space Station on Jan. 21, 2016. The pair will spend a total of 340 days in space on their one-year mission as researchers hope to better understand how the human body reacts and adapts to long-duration spaceflight. This knowledge is critical as NASA looks toward human journeys deeper into the solar system, including to and from Mars, which could last 500 days or longer. Credit: NASA.

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The Expedition 46 crew of two U.S. astronauts, one British astronaut and three Russian cosmonauts practiced their emergency response skills today in conjunction with the Mission Control Centers in Houston and Moscow.

The station residents also continued more human research to improve crew health while moving along with preparations for a Feb. 3 spacewalk.

The crew members spent an hour today conducting an emergency drill to practice communication, familiarize themselves with safety gear and procedures and memorize evacuation routes. After the drill the crew called down to ground teams to review their actions and results.

Meanwhile, international space science is ongoing as scientists and doctors explore the long term effects of living in space on a crew member's body which could also benefit life on Earth. Commander Scott Kelly and Flight Engineers Tim Kopra and Tim Peake were conducting more eye checks for the Ocular Health vision study. Kelly also took a blood sample for stowage in a science freezer. Kopra and Peake were back at work exploring how an astronaut's lungs adapt to microgravity for the Airway Monitoring experiment.

Two cosmonauts, Sergey Volkov and Yuri Malenchenko, are getting tools ready for the next spacewalk scheduled at the beginning of February. The spacewalkers will work outside in space to install hardware and science experiments on Russian modules.

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Russian Segment (RS) Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Preparations: Kopra gathered and transferred US tools to the Russian Segment in preparation for RS EVA #42 currently planned for February 3.

ISS Emergency Response On-Board Training (OBT): This training session was performed by both the ground and crew to practice ISS Emergency response based on information provided by a simulator. During the exercise the crew practiced required actions for two cases: a fire in Mini Research Module-2 (MRM-2) and an ammonia leak in the US segment. Following the training the crew and ground teams conducted a conference to discuss questions and comments.

Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Communications Unit (CUCU) Loop Back Test - Today, ground teams successfully checked out the path carrying UHF Radio Frequency (RF) signals to/from CUCU and Space to Space Station Radio (SSSR) to the UHF Antennas. The loop back test radiated from both the US Lab UHF and P1 UHF antennas to the CUCU. The test was performed to obtain baseline data prior to installation of the External Wireless Communications (EWC) internal cabling, and will be repeated post EWC cable installation. The cable installation is expected to be completed in Increment 47

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Ground Activities
All activities were performed unless otherwise noted.
CUCU Loopback Test

Three-Day Look Ahead:
Friday, 01/22: RRM Taskboard 4 Removal from JEMAL, ELF, Ocular Health, HMS Ultrasounds, Airway Monitoring Stow
Saturday, 01/23: Crew Off Duty, Weekly Housekeeping
Sunday, 01/24: Crew Off Duty

QUICK ISS Status - Environmental Control Group:

Component - Status
Elektron - On
Vozdukh - Manual
[СКВ] 1 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV1") - Off
[СКВ] 2 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV2") - On
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab - Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3 - Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab - Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3 - Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) - Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) - Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab - Full Up
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Node 3 - Off

http://spaceref.com/international-space-station/nasa-international-space-station-on-orbit-status-21-january-2016.html

Liquid Ping Pong in Space - RED 4K, video is 1:04 min.

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NASA ISS Space to Ground Weekly Report - 22 January 2016

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NASA's Space to Ground is your weekly update on what's happening aboard the International Space Station.

http://spaceref.com/international-space-station/nasa-iss-space-to-ground-weekly-report---22-january-2016.html

Space to Ground: In Bloom: 01/22/2016, video is 2:02 min.

6,181 · January 24, 2016

Astronaut in Space Spots Rare Thundersnow in Blizzard Over Eastern US (Photo)

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly captured this rare view of "thundersnow" in a blizzard battering the U.S. East Coast on Saturday (Jan. 23) from a window on the International Space Station.
Credit: NASA/Scott Kelly via Twitter (@StationCDRKelly)

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As the epic winter storm Jonas bore down on the U.S. East Coast this morning (Jan. 23), astronaut Scott Kelly snapped a series of photos of the storm's evolution from orbit, including one that catches a rare view of "thundersnow."

Yesterday, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tracked the storm by satellite as it developed, and now NASA's furthest human outpost — the International Space Station — has reported back, too, via Twitter. [See more photos of the winter storm]

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly's first post on Twitter, in the early morning, revealed the East Coast's city lights peeking out from the veil of the snowstorm:

http://www.space.com/31717-blizzard-thundersnow-jonas-storm-astronaut-photo.html

Winter Storm Views from Space: See the Latest Satellite Images

NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite snapped this image of the approaching blizzard around 2:35 a.m. EST on Jan. 22, 2016 using the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument's Day-Night band.
Credit: NOAA/NASA

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NASA and NOAA have their satellite eyes trained on the powerful winter storm bearing down on the U.S. East Coast this weekend, with the latest views showing the storm's growth and progress through the afternoon.

The latest space views of the winter storm from NOAA's GOES-East satellite show the U.S. East Coast as of 1:30 p.m. EST (1830 GMT) today (Jan. 22). At the time, the region was already shrouded by white clouds that stretched from Arkansas to the northeastern coast. Another view, from the powerful NPP Suomi satellite operated by NASA and NOAA, captured a snapshot of the storm before dawn today with city lights of the U.S. Southeast peeping through in infared light.

This visible-light view of the winter storm of Jan. 22-23, 2016 was captured by NOAA's GOES-East satellite at 1:30 p.m. EST (1830 GMT), showing the major storm affecting the U.S. East Coast.
Credit: NASA/NOAA GOES Project

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"An area of low pressure centered over the southeastern U.S. will continue developing into a major winter storm which will impact a large portion of the East Coast from the southern Appalachians through the mid-Atlantic states from Friday into the weekend," officials with the National Weather Service Weather Prediction Center said in a statement. "Snowfall totals may exceed 2 feet in portions of these areas, including the Baltimore and Washington D.C. metropolitan areas."

http://www.space.com/31707-nasa-winter-storm-views-from-space.html

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Aurora as seen from the ISS (tweeted by Astronaut Scott Kelly)

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Scott Kelly Hosts First Ever NASA Reddit AMA from Space

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NASA astronaut Scott Kelly will conduct the first ever NASA Reddit Ask Me Anything from space to help everyone understand what it means to spend a year in space.

A year is a long time to live without fresh air, gravity and human contact from loved ones. While science is at the core of Kelly’s groundbreaking spaceflight, it has also been a test of human endurance.

Kelly has just completed an unprecedented 300 consecutive days in space, and he has two more months before the end of his Year In Space mission which began last March. By the end of this mission, Kelly will be the first American to spend one continuous year in space and the record holder for total days in space and single longest mission. To say the least, he is currently NASA’s most experience astronaut.

The Reddit AMA will be held on Saturday, Jan. 23 at 4 p.m. ET. To follow the event, visit the Reddit AMA page. Kelly’s session will be added to the page once it begins.

Don’t be afraid to ask your questions. Connections back on Earth are very important when isolated from the entire world. So Kelly is looking forward to connecting with you during this event!

You can continue to follow Kelly’s Year in Space on his Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/01/22/scott-kelly-hosts-first-ever-nasa-reddit-ama-from-space/

AMA (Ask Me Anything) link...

https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/42cllg/i_am_astronaut_scott_kelly_currently_spending_a/

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Saturday cleaning day on Space Station, video is 0:30 min.

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High Definition Earth-Viewing System (HDEV)

http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/HDEV/

Gateway to Astronaut Photography

http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/

6,181 · January 24, 2016

Slow news day, bit's and bytes....

Blizzard Strike Seen From Orbit

Blizzard striking east coast of the U.S. NASA

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Photo of the blizzard attacking the east coast of the United States taken from the International Space Station.

http://spaceref.com/onorbit/blizzard-strike-seen-from-orbit.html

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Let's brew a cup of coffee

video is 0:52 min.

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NASA LEVERAGES ISS AS IT GETS GO AHEAD FOR A DEEP SPACE HABITAT

The ISS-derived Deep Space Habitat concept demonstrator evaluation will focus on the following elements, from left to right, Lab/Hab, tunnel, and Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM). Image & Caption Credit: NASA

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In the latest omnibus spending bill approved by Congress, NASA was awarded $55 million in order to help accelerate development of a deep space habitation module. SpaceFlight Insider spoke with agency representatives to determine what these initial efforts might entail.

According to the report that accompanied the appropriations bill, NASA’s Advanced Exploration Systems program was allotted the funds in 2016 to create a ‘habitation augmentation module’ for crewed deep space operations. Additionally, the bill requires that NASA report how it plans to spend the funds and what progress has been made within 180 days. The report also stipulates that the space agency have a management structure in place to direct the program.

Representatives with NASA clarified where the funds came from and the fact that this amount is a part of $19.3 billion that the agency received for this year.

“The explanatory statement accompanying the fiscal year 2016 omnibus appropriations bill designated $55 million for habitation systems. The designation, however, does not represent a funding augmentation,” NASA’s Director of the agency’s Advanced Exploration Systems Division Jason C. Crusan told SpaceFlight Insider. “The money comes from the appropriation for Exploration Research & Development, the account that includes funding for Advanced Exploration Systems and the Human Research Program. The total appropriated for Exploration Research & Development was about $49 million below the President’s Budget Request. NASA is in the process of analyzing the language in the explanatory statement.”

For its part, the U.S. space agency has noted that it has been and will continue to work on habitats utilizing this boost in funding.

“We have a number of habitation and Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) activities in development, with several ready for demonstration on the space station this year and more in the next couple of years,” Crusan went on to note.

NASA and Crusan provided SpaceFlight Insider with the following list of payloads that are slated to fly to the International Space Station (ISS) on upcoming cargo missions.

o Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) will be berthed to the ISS for a two-year demonstration and analysis of inflatable habitats. The primary goals include the deployment process, thermal, radiation, and general operations during this test period. Launch is planned aboard the next SpaceX space station cargo resupply mission, CRS-8, currently scheduled for no earlier than March 20.

o Spacecraft Fire Safety (SAFFIRE) includes a planned set of test flights to seek fundamental understanding of flame spread in large-scale microgravity fires, demonstrate the performance of combustion product monitor systems, and conduct test of post-fire cleanup technologies for Orion, the space station and future habitation systems. These tests will be conducted on three Cygnus cargo ships after the spacecraft has safely departed from ISS.

o Aerosol Sampler will perform a demonstration of a modified off-the-shelf aerosol sampler on the space station to gather quantitative data on ambient air quality on the station. The station has high concentration of airborne particles that cause allergies and irritate crew members’ eyes and noses.

o More efficient air and water systems: Systems under development that are planned for demonstration on the space station over the next five years will increase efficiency and reduce dependence on resupply from Earth. These systems will improve waste water recovery (currently at 74 percent), air filtration and monitoring, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, and oxygen recovery from CO2, advancing from the current 43 percent to more than 75 percent.

Before these new directions from Congress, NASA had been working to build a habitation module for testing in cislunar space. The design would have undergone a shakedown cruise over a period of about a year while the craft was within accessible reach. The plan for that design called for a test in the late 2020s. The new direction mandated in the bill calls for completion of a prototype of the habitation module by 2018.

NASA has been working on several areas that would lead to a habitation module including launching the BEAM module to the ISS.

Additionally, NASA has the Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP) program which awarded one year contracts for habitation studies in March 2015. Four companies—Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Bigelow Aerospace and Orbital ATK—were each awarded $1 million to study the issue and design preliminary solutions.

Subsystem contracts were also awarded for the development of critical components such as life support. The companies receiving these contracts included Orbital Technologies Corporation, Dynetics and Hamilton Sundstrand.

“Under the NextSTEP BAA (Broad Agency Agreement), NASA awarded full system analysis studies to Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Orbital ATK, and Bigelow. The agency also awarded full system analysis tasks to Orbitec and UTC for ECLSS. These studies will reach completion toward the end of fiscal year 2016,” Crusan said.

The news that Congress is pushing NASA to accelerate habitat development is welcomed by some in the industry.

“We’re thrilled that Congress took the lead. It is the missing piece of the human space exploration puzzle,” Mike Gold, director of D.C. operations and business growth for Bigelow Aerospace, said in a recent interview with Space News.

Bigelow has a significant advantage in the habitation design game. Based on NASA’s TransHab technology, the company has designed a series of inflatable structures. Two of the company’s designs have already flown in space. Genesis I and II were launched in 2006 and 2007 respectively.

These prototype stations tested the basic design and provided valuable research data for the construction of their BEAM system. The data has also been used to enhance Bigelow’s larger BA-330—a space station-sized inflatable module capable of supporting up to six crew members.

http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/human-spaceflight/nasa-leverages-iss-gets-go-ahead-deep-space-habs/

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NASA-Funded Balloon Launches to Study Sun

GRIPS NASA

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On Jan. 18, 2016, the GRIPS balloon team sent their instrument soaring towards the stratosphere above Antarctica, suspended underneath a helium-filled, football-field sized scientific balloon.

GRIPS, short for Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares, is studying extremely high-energy radiation released by solar flares.

Solar flares are created by an explosive realignment of magnetic fields, known generally as magnetic reconnection. When magnetic fields change suddenly strong electric fields are generated that produce a large force on charged particles. In the ionized gas of the sun's atmosphere, this process sends electrons and ions flying at speeds approaching the speed of light, causing them to release high-energy gamma rays.

"GRIPS sees this emission three times more sharply than any previous instrument," said Albert Shih, project scientist for the GRIPS mission at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. "We'll be able to pinpoint more precisely the times and locations that produce gamma rays."

Antarctic summer is the ideal time for scientific balloon launches, because of the relatively calm skies and -- for several weeks -- 24/7 sunlight, which provides power and uninterrupted data collection for solar-focused instruments like GRIPS.

The GRIPS team began arriving at McMurdo station in Antarctica in late October 2015. Throughout November, December and early January, the team assembled and tested GRIPS as they waited for the right conditions to launch their balloon. The GRIPS team hopes their balloon will fly for anywhere from 14 to 55 days, carried around the continent by a circular wind pattern that develops over Antarctica each summer.

Scientific balloons are a low-cost way to access Earth's upper atmosphere up to the edge of space, allowing scientists to make measurements that are impossible from the ground.

GRIPS is led by the University of California at Berkeley by Principal Investigator Pascal Saint-Hilaire. Orbital ATK provides program management, mission planning, engineering services and field operations for NASA's scientific balloon program. The program is executed from NASA's Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas. The Columbia team has launched more than 1,700 scientific balloons in over 35 years of operation.

http://spaceref.com/nasa-hack-space/nasa-funded-balloon-launches-to-study-sun.html

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SOLAR ECLIPSE BALLOON NETWORK:

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Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus have developed a balloon payload that can photograph solar eclipses from the stratosphere. This sets the stage for a one-of-a-kind photography experiment: On August 21, 2017, the Moon will pass in front of the sun over the USA, producing a total eclipse visible from coast to coast. We will launch balloons to record the event from a dozen points along the path of totality:

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Floating more than 100,000 feet above the clouds, the balloons will have an unobstructed view of the eclipse. From each of a dozen payloads, one camera will point up to record the sun's ghostly corona while another camera points down to record the passage of the Moon's dark shadow across the landscape below. When the eclipse is finished, we will combine the footage to create a unique video portrait of an eclipse sweeping across the American continent.

The payload has already photographed a partial solar eclipse in Oct. 2014: images. To test the payload under conditions of totality, a team of students and parents from Earth to Sky Calculus will travel to Indonesia six weeks from now to observe the March 9, 2016, total eclipse: animated map. Stay tuned for news from their expedition!

Readers, would you like to join the Solar Eclipse Balloon Network? Starting now we are recruiting teams of citizen scientists who we will train in the art of high-altitude ballooning to become members of the solar eclipse launch crews. Schools, scout troops, home school families and others are welcome to apply. This is a great way for novices to learn ballooning and to participate in authentic science. We will also be seeking sponsors for the 12 payloads. Contact Dr. Tony Phillips to register your interest.

http://www.spaceweather.com/

6,493 · January 24, 2016

So I suspected it for a while, but I just finished watching this:

and hooooooooly crap doesn't everything from the Russian side seem so archaic and claustrophobic. I bet the astronauts can't wait for SpaceX and Bigelow to make their mark on the ISS.

6,181 · January 26, 2016

Retro post...

1960 Grumman Lunar Activity Suit. This is from the cover of Life Magazine, 27 April, 1962

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/189291990560199976/

design from JPL

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It’s the future from the past; it’s the Grumman Moon Suit! You might recognize it from the April 27 1962 issue of Life Magazine, or from Matel’s Major Matt Mason, a moon-exploring plastic toy from 1963.

The suit was invented by Allyn Hazard, an engineer at JPL in Pasadena, the suit’s distinctive shape accommodates the ability of the astronaut to retract his arms from the sleeves of the suit into a spacious interior.

But why? “To perform vital tasks, like scratching one’s nose.” But that’s not all he can do, because other on-board amenities include food, air conditioning and an inexplicable a much needed crotch window, which you can see in the black and white photo above.

The model astronaut above is the suit’s inventor, who is doing a great job of hiding the agony he surely must be in as he nervously clambers around the scorching mojave desert in a 200 pound, iron-clad turtle shell terrified that he will fall over and not be able to get up.

And the boots are so stylish.

Scientists rarely seem naive, and when they do it’s actually a relief.

These are folks who spend their careers searching for explicit understanding, exact analysis and extremely long equations. But designing a space suit in 1960 required less calculator and more imagination. Imagine packing for a 20 billion dollar vacation 240,000 miles away. It’s science fiction, and the personality of the Grumman Moon suit is not just result of accommodating function, but also of exceeding optimism.

this is just an excerpt from a magazine article...more at the links....but fun to look back on...

http://thefoxisblack.com/2010/04/16/space-suit-of-the-week/

http://www.wildtoys.com/MoonSuit/index.asp

reminds one of...

6,181 · January 26, 2016

NASA International Space Station On-Orbit Status 25 January 2016

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly works with three SPHERES satellites in 2010 when he was a Flight Engineer for Expedition 25. Credit: NASA.

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The Expedition 46 crew brought out a pair of tiny satellites today so students can compete for the best algorithm in an ongoing competition. The crew also checked spacesuits, transferred cargo and worked on lab maintenance.

One-Year Crew members Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko set up a pair of bowling ball-sized satellites in Japan's Kibo lab module for a student competition. Students compete to test their algorithms which operate the tiny satellites onboard the International Space Station for the SPHERES-Zero Robotics study.

Veteran cosmonauts Sergey Volkov and Yuri Malenchenko checked their Russian Orlan spacesuits for leaks. The duo will exit the space station Feb. 3 for a five hour and 30 minute spacewalk to install hardware and science experiments on the orbital lab's Russian segment. NASA TV will begin coverage at 7:30 a.m. EST with the spacewalk set to start 40 minutes later.

NASA astronaut Tim Kopra worked on space plumbing during the morning before moving on to Cygnus cargo transfers. British astronaut Tim Peake worked on the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace, a device that will levitate, melt and solidify materials to study the thermophysical properties of different metals.

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Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) Zero Robotics Competition: Kelly and Kornienko set up the SPHERES hardware and executed the SPHERES Zero Robotics tests with participation from students on the ground. The SPHERES Zero Robotics investigation establishes an opportunity for high school students to design research for the ISS. As part of a competition, students write algorithms for the SPHERES satellites to accomplish tasks relevant to future space missions. The algorithms are tested by the SPHERES team and the best designs are selected for the competition to operate the SPHERES satellites on board the ISS.

Combustion Integration Rack (CIR) Switch Reconfiguration: Peake reconfigured the CIR to prepare for the resumption of FLame Extinguishment Experiment (FLEX)-2 which is scheduled to begin in early February. He used the EXPRESS Laptop Computer (ELC) to reconfigure the Fluids and Combustion Facility (FCF) Input/Output (I/O) Processor Ethernet switch to increase the data transfer rate in CIR. FLEX-2 studies the rate and manner in which fuel is burned, the conditions that are necessary for soot to form, and the way in which a mixture of fuels evaporate before burning. The results from these experiments will give scientists a better understanding how fires behave in space and will provide important information that will be useful in increasing the fuel efficiency of engines using liquid fuels.

Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) Setup Troubleshooting: On Friday, Kelly was only able to connect one of two Quick Disconnects (QDs) to mate the Moderate Temperature Loop (MTL) supply and return lines due to inadequate accessibility. Today Peake performed steps to increase the accessibility but was unable to provide enough additional room for crewmembers to connect the remaining QD. The JAXA ground team is evaluating today's results. The ELF is an experimental facility designed to levitate, melt and solidify materials employing containerless processing techniques that use the electrostatic levitation method with charged samples and electrodes. With this facility, thermophysical properties of high temperature melts can be measured and solidification from deeply undercooled melts can be achieved.

Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) Fill Drain Valve Modification Kit Installation: Kopra replaced the existing Water Recovery System (WRS)-2 Access Panels with new modified panels that will allow the Recycle Tank to be filled and drained in place.

Orbital ATK (OA)-4 Cargo Operations: Peake and Kopra continued transferring Cygnus cargo to ISS today. There are approximately 26 hours of Cygnus cargo ops remaining to be completed.

Cygnus Cabin Fan Anomaly: Overnight, the Cygnus cabin fan performance degraded significantly and was subsequently powered off. Delta pressure (DP) had been slowly decreasing through the OA-4 berthed duration and initial trending was predicting that the DP would remain within operational limits through a February 19 departure. However, in recent days the downward DP trend has increased more rapidly. Portable fans are available for the crew to use in order to ingress Cygnus in support of today's cargo operations. Ground teams are looking into possible troubleshooting plans.

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Ground Activities
All activities were completed unless otherwise noted.
Nominal System Commanding

Three-Day Look Ahead:
Tuesday, 01/26: SPRINT, BASS Hardware Setup, LLB Charge Term, Cargo Ops, JPM PDH A R&R
Wednesday, 01/27: Cyclops Install, BASS M, Water Mist PFE Deploy, Cargo Ops
Thursday, 01/28: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, PS120 J Install, JPM Int Port Camera Relocation, Vertigo S/W Load

QUICK ISS Status - Environmental Control Group:

Component - Status
Elektron - On
Vozdukh - Manual
[СКВ] 1 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV1") - On
[СКВ] 2 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV2") - Off
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab - Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3 - Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab - Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3 - Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) - Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) - Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab Full Up
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Node 3 Off

http://spaceref.com/international-space-station/nasa-international-space-station-on-orbit-status-25-january-2016.html

Russian Cosmonauts to Attach Thermal Insulation to ISS

Quote

Russian cosmonauts will undertake a spacewalk on February 3 to get some practice fixing screen-vacuum thermal insulation onto the exterior of the International Space Station which is currently under repair in orbit, the Russian Mission Control Center said Monday.

Sergey Volkov and Yuri Malenchenko are expected to commence their spacewalk on February 3 at 16:10 Moscow time [13:10 GMT].

"The Restoration experiment is one of the important tasks... Its aim is to practice attaching a film thermal coating, securing screen-vacuum thermal insulation onto the surface to be repaired and operations that require film materials to bond during space flights," the center said.

The cosmonauts will also practice methods of detecting leaks and controlling the outer surface of the ISS.

The ISS program is a joint project involving five space agencies: the United States' NASA, Russia's Roscosmos, the European Space Agency, Japan's Aerospace Exploration Agency and the Canadian Space Agency.

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Russian_Cosmonauts_to_Attach_Thermal_Insulation_to_ISS_999.html

From a Scott Kelly tweet, yesterday

4,811 · January 27, 2016

Oh wow, that Cygnus DP decrease could signal a problem with the environmental pressure seal on the Cygnus side of the Docking Hatch. It's my understanding that the ISS Crew close the hatch to the Cygnus when not not in use, correct? It remains pressurized under its' own environmental systems but monitored using the ISS systems and on the ground, of course, to prevent accidental opening in case something goes wrong (which apparently it has), right?

I'm sure that's something they'll keep an eye on. Closely.

6,181 · January 27, 2016

I am really surprised that no one is covering this yet...this is serious. It could be a docking seal leak, a vehicle leak at a manufacturing point or MMOD damage from a debris hit. It has gotten worse which leads one to believe that a breaking point could be reached. Ground control is talking about this right now. The main hatch can be closed for safety as one doesn't want an explosive depressurization. The Cygnus is scheduled to leave Feb 19 and a reboost is slated for tomorrow...it could stress the weak point. On February 3rd, the Russian crew have an EVA..we may see them investigate the Cygnus and the seal. If worse gets to worse...they can unload it completely, put the flame experiments on board and jettison the unit early.

We will see what transpires shortly....This can be a real problem.

Latest blog update has no mention of this...

Station to Boost Orbit Ahead of March Crew Swap

Quote

The International Space Station will raise its orbit Wednesday afternoon before a pair of crews swap places and a cargo ship arrives in March. One-year crew members Scott Kelly of NASA and Mikhail Kornienko of Roscosmos are set to return home March 1 along with Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov. Then, Expedition 47 will begin and three new crew members will arrive March 19. New supplies are scheduled to be delivered to the crew March 31 aboard a Progress 61 cargo craft.

The orbiting Expedition 46 crew was back at work Tuesday on a series of life science and physics experiments to benefit life on Earth and crews living in space. Commander Scott Kelly explored maximizing the effects of exercise in space while British astronaut Tim Peake studied how living in space affects using touch-based technologies, repairing sensitive equipment and a variety of other tasks. NASA astronaut Tim Kopra researched how materials burn in space.

Two cosmonauts resized their Russian Orlan spacesuits today, checked them for leaks and set up hardware before next week’s maintenance spacewalk. Flight Engineers Sergey Volkov and Yuri Malenchenko will work outside Feb. 3 in their Orlan suits to install hardware and science experiments on the orbital lab’s Russian segment.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/01/26/station-to-boost-orbit-ahead-of-march-crew-swap/

4,811 · January 27, 2016

If it's an MMODI, then that's all she wrote for Cygnus. That reboost won't be safe to perform if it's in a load-bearing spot -- if the Cygnus folds, it'll fold the ISS too. The Cygnus needs to be triple-checked by-the-numbers.

We'll know something more if they perform the seal checks and they don't find anything amiss.

6,181 · January 27, 2016

I've been hunting sites for awhile now...no mention of this anywhere...guess no one reads the status reports except space nuts like us...

This is a big deal and is being talked about on the ground right now. I imagine they will try some trouble shooting to isolate and go from there. One thing I am sure of...The crew knows the severity and will have the hatch locked down and will be monitoring it, real time. This will be handled in a professional matter for sure....and I can imagine the European crews who manufacture this will be doing a lot of investigation as well.

Dec. 23, 2015: International Space Station Configuration. (Clockwise from top) The Soyuz TMA-18M spacecraft is docked to the Poisk mini-research module. The ISS Progress 61 spacecraft is docked to the Zvezda service module. The ISS Progress 62 spacecraft is docked to the Pirs docking compartment. The Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft is docked to the Rassvet mini-research module. The Cygnus-4 cargo craft is berthed to the Unity module.

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/onthestation/facts_and_figures.html

Edited January 27, 2016 by Draggendrop
image added

4,811 · January 27, 2016

Any indication what the pressure loss rate is? Are they talking per hour, per minute, or (Multiverse forbid) per second?

6,181 · January 27, 2016

The pressure drop was slight initially and forecast to be okay for the duration of the stay (can be pressurized from docking module). They then had fan troubles and shut it down. Then they noticed an "increase of the projected differential pressure loss" which then created this situation which must be fault found...an increase is akin to something making itself worse and not be able to be safely handled in the long term. Orbital ATK has these modules made oversea's and shipped to them.

Quote

The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) and the Service Module (SM). The PCM is manufactured by Thales Alenia Space in Turin (Italy)

Quote

The fourth and all subsequent Cygnus spacecraft are planned to be of the "enhanced" variant.[17] These will use a stretched PCM which increases the interior volume to 27 m3 and the service module will use Orbital ATK Ultraflex solar arrays which will provide the same amount of power as the previous solar arrays but at a lower mass.[3][17] A new upper stage built by Orbital ATK, the Castor 30XL, will be used in conjunction with the enhanced Cygnus; because of the more powerful upper stage and the lighter solar arrays, the payload that Cygnus can deliver to the ISS will be increased by 700 kg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)

This is the first enhanced unit.

4,811 · January 27, 2016

Differential Pressure Loss means the pressure of the Cygnus and the ISS between the Docking Adapter was not the same or lost entirely. That indicates the integrity of the environmental seal breached somewhere.

It's a safe bet that the crew closed the hatch upon instructions from the ground when they saw the pressure was decreasing. Turning that fan off was likely a diagnostic procedure to see if the problem was indeed in the docking adapter (which it is). Hopefully it's on the Cygnus side, where it can simply be cast off and not need to be dealt with. If it's not, well, then that's a problem because that EvS needs to be replaced. Repairing it isn't an option I'd be comfortable with because a dodgy seal can fail at any time.

6,181 · January 27, 2016

No official word yet, but sometimes actions speak louder than words. The Cygnus date is still listed as Feb 19 for release...but the following topics display activities. It has been stated that 22 hours are required to unload what is on Cygnus...the next 3 days have 2 crew unloading it as well as trash being put in it by 2 crew members. If we hear about the "flame experiment being set up in the Cygnus..we know it's going early.

ISS Daily Summary Report – 01/26/16

Quote

Burning and Suppression of Solids – Milliken (BASS-M) Preparation: In preparation for BASS-M operations this week, Kopra reconfigured the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) Facility and installed Smoke Point In Co-flow Experiment (SPICE) hardware into the MSG work volume. He will perform the BASS-M ignitor test tomorrow, prior to BASS-M sample testing. The BASS-M investigation tests flame-retardant cotton fabrics to determine how well they resist burning in microgravity. Results benefit research on flame-retardant textiles that can be used on Earth and in space.

Sprint Ultrasound: Kelly performed his Flight Day 300 thigh and calf ultrasound scans today with assistance from Kopra and guidance from the Sprint ground team. Ultrasound scans are used to evaluate spaceflight-induced changes in the muscle volume. The Sprint investigation evaluates the use of high intensity, low volume exercise training to minimize loss of muscle, bone, and cardiovascular function in ISS crewmembers during long-duration missions. Upon completion of this study, investigators expect to provide an integrated resistance and aerobic exercise training protocol capable of maintaining muscle, bone and cardiovascular health while reducing total exercise time over the course of a long-duration space flight. This will provide valuable information in support of the long term goal of protecting human fitness for even longer space exploration missions.

Payload Data Handling (PDH) Removal and Replacement: Peake removed the Payload Data Handling (PDH) unit in the JEM and replaced it with PDH2. The PDH unit being replaced is an engineering model flown up on ATV5 to replace a failed PDH. PDH2 provides added capability for support of a hot-standby backup and automatic switchover for contingencies. The PDH units handle commanding to JAXA payloads, downlink channels and High-Rate payload data downlink.

Observation Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space (OASIS) Removal: Kelly completed OASIS removal from the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG), an activity begun last week. Kopra then inserted the Burning and Suppression of Solids-Milliken (BASS-M) experiment into the MSG.

Orbital ATK (OA)-4 Cargo Operations: Peake and Kopra continued transferring Cygnus cargo to ISS today. Approximately 22 hours of transfer operations remain to be completed. Cygnus is scheduled to unberth from ISS on February 19th.

Quote

Ground Activities

All activities were completed unless otherwise noted.

Nominal System Commanding
PDH2 Checkout

Three-Day Look Ahead:

Wednesday, 01/27: Cyclops Install, BASS M, Water Mist PFE Deploy, Cygnus Cargo Transfer

Thursday, 01/28: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, PS120 J Install, JPM Int Port Camera Relocation

Friday, 01/29: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, BASS-M Ops, Lonestar Deploy, Kelly Off Duty

QUICK ISS Status – Environmental Control Group:

Component   Status
Elektron   On
Vozdukh   Manual
[СКВ] 1 – SM Air Conditioner System (“SKV1”)   On
[СКВ] 2 – SM Air Conditioner System (“SKV2”)   Off
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab   Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3   Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab   Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3   Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA)   Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA)   Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab   Full Up
Trace Contaminant

Control System (TCCS) Node 3   Off

https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2016/01/26/iss-daily-summary-report-012616/

----------------------------------

Student Satellites Prepped for Deployment from Japanese Lab

Astronaut Scott Kelly (foreground) and Tim Peake load a pair of nanosatellites inside the Japanese Kibo lab module’s airlock. Credit: NASA TV

Quote

The six Expedition 46 crew members today prepared for the deployment of a pair of nanosatellites, loaded trash in the Cygnus cargo craft and reviewed timelines and procedures for a Feb. 3 spacewalk. The International Space Station will also raise its orbit ahead of March’s crew swap and cargo delivery activities.

Commander Scott Kelly and British astronaut Tim Peake were inside Japan’s Kibo laboratory loading a satellite carrier and its deployer mechanism in the lab module’s airlock. After the Japanese robotic arm extracts the deployer from the airlock the Aggiesat4 and BEVO-2 nanosatellites will be deployed on Friday. The student-built nanosatellites will help further develop and refine autonomous navigation, rendezvous and docking software and procedures.

Peake then joined NASA astronaut Tim Kopra loading trash inside the Orbital ATK Cygnus supply ship. The private space freighter is due to leave the station Feb. 19 ending its stay at the Harmony module. Next, Kopra moved on to a combustion experiment testing how well different samples resist burning in microgravity.

Cosmonauts Yuri Malenchenko and Sergey Volkov are a week away from the second spacewalk of 2016. The veteran spacewalkers reviewed the timeline and procedures they will use to install hardware and science experiments outside the station’s Russian segment on Feb. 3 at 8:10 a.m. EST.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/01/27/student-satellites-prepped-for-deployment-from-japanese-lab/

---------------------------

The Mediterranean At Night From Orbit

Quote

Expedition 46 flight engineer Tim Peake shared this stunning nighttime photograph on Jan. 25, 2016.

Peake told his social media followers "Beautiful night pass over Italy, Alps and Mediterranean."

http://spaceref.com/onorbit/the-mediterranean-at-night-from-orbit.html

-----------------------------------

Russia launches ambitious cosmic robotics project

Quote

The development of state-of-the-art robots capable of operating in outer space will begin in Russia this year, media reports said.

Russian scientists will begin the development of sophisticated robots capable of operating in outer space later in 2016, according to media reports.

A source in the country's space industry said that at least three of these robots will be built in Russia by 2025.

"The three space robots will be constructed before the end of 2014. They will be able to perform various operations outside the International Space Station," the source said.

More than 2.5 billion rubles will be allocated for the implementation of the project.

According to the source, the scientists must solve the problem of allowing mechatronic systems to survive prolonged exposure to cosmic radiation and drastic temperature changes.

A multi-purpose robotic system in the form of an android-type 200-kilogram robot is expected to be created, the source said, adding that the android will be remotely controlled by an astronaut.

Earlier, it was reported that about 1.4 trillion rubles from Russia's state budget will be earmarked for the implementation of the space robotics program.

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Russia_launches_ambitious_cosmic_robotics_project_999.html

----------------------------

6,181 · January 27, 2016

On page 17 of this ISS thread, 29 Aug 2015, a few post were done, with video's, on the Chinese space station, Tiangong 1. It appears that Tiangong 2 will be launched during the first half of this year.

Last Launch for Long March 2F/G

The principal difference between the Shenzhou-launching Long March 2F and its 2F/G cousin is easy to spot. The 2F/G carries a very different payload fairing at its top. This accounts. for the larger dimensions of the Tiangong laboratory, which wouldn't fit inside the standard payload fairing for the 2F.

Quote

At some time this year, China will launch the Tiangong 2 space laboratory. It will look much like its predecessor, Tiangong 1: A stubby cylindrical crew module with a smaller service module at its rear. Tiangong 2 is expected to feature several upgrades, including a regenerative life-support system.

Last year, this analyst concluded that the next Tiangong module will also be the last Tiangong. If China plans to launch the first module of the Chinese Space Station in 2018, there simply won't be enough time to squeeze in a third Tiangong and its associated missions. Thus, the flight of Tiangong 2 carries a degree of sentimentality for space analysts.

The second and last Tiangong could also bring the final flight of a special rocket. The Long March 2F/G made its debut with the launch of Tiangong 1. This vehicle seems to have been specially designed to support the launch of Tiangong modules.

It has not flown again since that module was launched. The rocket will be used again to launch Tiangong 2, which should have roughly the same mass as the first module. After that, its future is questionable. If China plans to launch no more Tiangong modules, we will probably never see this vehicle produced or flown again.

As its name implies, the Long March 2F/G is really a derivative of the Long March 2F rocket, which is used to launch China's astronaut-carrying Shenzhou spacecraft. The Long March 2F has flown ten times without a launch failure. It has carried astronauts for five of those launches. In turn, Long March 2F draws upon the legacy of previous Long March rockets in terms of its engines and other components.

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Last_Launch_for_Long_March2FG_999.html

TIANGONG-2 CONFIRMED FOR 2016 !

Quote

CNSA confirmed for Xinhuanet.com that on first half of 2016, they are planning launch of second Tiangong orbit experimental module. Previously scheduled on 2015, launch was postponed to 2016 on September 2014 and now it is officially announced. Tiangong-1 still remains on orbit in spite of fact, that it should be deorbited on 2013. Tiangong-2 will be launched on atop of Long March 2F/G rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

Tiangong-2 will replace Tiangong-1 experimental module on orbit. Both space stations were designed as technology demonstrators which will provide necessary platform for experiments with instruments, technologies and devices necessary in developing future Chinese modular space station with possibility of constant habitation.

http://spaceflights.news/?p=20308

Quote

Development specifications[edit]

The expected specifications of Tiangong-2 will be as follows:

Crew size: 3, with 20 days of life support resources.^[5]

Length: 14.4 metres (47 ft).^[2]

Maximum diameter: 4.2 metres (14 ft).^[2]

Mass: 20,000 kilograms (44,000 lb).^[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong-2

When this is launched, they will have both labs on orbit for awhile...

4,811 · January 27, 2016

China's Orbiter almost looks like Vostok with a different paint job.

6,181 · January 28, 2016

This is a neat idea and I hope NASA agree's with it....

To boost commercial activity, NASA may add private airlock to ISS

Quote

When NASA engineers designed the International Space Station during the 1990s, they didn’t envision the orbital outpost becoming a hub of commercial activity; nevertheless, that has become one of the most important contributions of ISS to US spaceflight. And as it nurtures American enterprise in low-Earth orbit, the station is increasingly running into a bottleneck: getting scientific research and other payloads outside.

Now a Texas company, NanoRacks, has proposed a solution. It is offering to build an airlock that will be attached to the space station and provide the capability to deploy cubesats and larger satellites. The $12 million-15 million airlock would also allow NASA to bring in costly large pumps and storage tanks for repairs rather than disposing of them.

“We developed a commercial pathway to the station, and now we want to extend that pathway outside the station,” Jeff Manber, the company’s managing director, told Ars in an interview. “This is a sign that we believe in the future of the station.”

NanoRacks, founded to make it easier for companies, universities, and other governments to get their research into space, has become one of NASA’s most important partners in commercializing the space station. It regularly flies experimental payloads for paying customers to and from the station, and Manber said more of that business is now migrating outside the laboratory.

On board the station there is only one equipment airlock, inside Japan’s Kibo module. The Japanese airlock is fairly small, large enough to only accommodate items about the size of a miniature refrigerator. Although it opens 10 times a year, five of those openings are allocated to the Japanese space agency, JAXA, with the other five going to NASA and its commercial partners.

“It’s becoming a real bottleneck,” said Mike Johnson, chief designer of NanoRacks. “We were sitting around the table one day and we were like, you know if we had our own airlock this would make life a whole lot easier. We started thinking about it and realized we have enough business now where we could actually self-fund an airlock.”

NASA is interested, and it may give NanoRacks approval to proceed with developing the airlock as soon as next month. The agency and its primary station contractor, Boeing, are conducting a formal assessment to see if the airlock can be safely integrated into the station. “We’ve very intrigued by it, and we haven’t found any showstoppers so far,” Mike Read, manager of the space station National Lab Office at Johnson Space Center, told Ars.

If approved by NASA, the airlock, which NanoRacks has dubbed the “Doorway to Space,” could launch as early as 2018 inside the trunk of a SpaceX Dragon capsule. The company says it could use the airlock as many as 12 times a year.

NanoRacks is proposing to build a large, half-cylinder-shaped airlock about two meters in diameter and 1.8 meters long. The airlock would attach to the end of the station’s Node 3 module, near the cupola. It would connect via a common berthing mechanism, or CBM, and then be pressurized. After pressurization, the hatch could be opened and the airlock configured for various tasks.

For commercial opportunities, NanoRacks has a small satellite launcher, and it is also designing a “haybale” system to launch as many as 192 cubesats at a time. After the airlock is configured, it would be depressurized and sealed. Then a station robotic arm could grab it, move it away from the vehicle, and deploy its payloads.

NASA is also interested in the opportunity to potentially fix large, external components of the space station. Before the space shuttle’s retirement, NASA used the sizable delivery vehicle to stash dozens of replacement pumps, storage tanks, controller boxes, batteries, and other equipment on the station, known as ORUs. When one of these components broke, astronauts would conduct a spacewalk to install a replacement unit.

All images from NanoRacks.

This illustration shows the commercial airlock attached to the end of Node 3. The cupola is shown at the bottom.

This image provides a better view of the shape and dimensions of the proposed airlock.

Here's how the Haybale cubesat deployer would fit into the airlock. It could deploy up to 192 3U cubesats.

An here's an illustration showing a small satellite fitting inside the airlock.

Quote

However sometimes the problem with a broken unit is relatively minor, such as a problematic circuit card. With a larger airlock, damaged components could be brought inside the station, assessed, and possibly fixed, saving NASA the expense of building and delivering a new unit to the station—or losing a valuable spare. Finally, the space agency could use the airlock to dispose of trash that accumulates on station and can be difficult to get rid of.

The symbolism of a commercial doorway on the space station is also important for NASA. The agency has made no secret of its desire for commercial companies to step up and use the space station as a test bed for everything from basic research to testing new modes of space exploration.

“From the national lab perspective, the attractive thing is that this leverages ISS in a commercial manner, built with commercial funds and operated as a commercial capability,” Read said. “That’s what the whole concept of the National Lab is. If this works, it’s an important step toward what an exploration partnership might look like. Not only are we using space station for research, we’re using it to test new business relationships for exploration, and this would be an important one.”

http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/to-boost-commercial-activity-nasa-may-add-private-airlock-to-iss/

6,181 · January 28, 2016

Have a few regular updates here to post..but, still no mention of anything related to the differential pressure leak or a fix, with the Cygnus freighter. We do have mention now that 3 crew are off loading cargo from Cygnus. This implies a precautionary plan of getting it empty...load up trash and get combustion experiment ready...and lock it down. The situation must have been manageable for the day, as an ISS orbital altitude reboost was performed.

NASA International Space Station On-Orbit Status 26 January 2016

Aurora over Canada. NASA

Quote

The International Space Station will raise its orbit Wednesday afternoon before a pair of crews swap places and a cargo ship arrives in March.

One-year crew members Scott Kelly of NASA and Mikhail Kornienko of Roscosmos are set to return home March 1 along with Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov. Then, Expedition 47 will begin and three new crew members will arrive March 19. New supplies are scheduled to be delivered to the crew March 31 aboard a Progress 63 cargo craft.

The orbiting Expedition 46 crew was back at work Tuesday on a series of life science and physics experiments to benefit life on Earth and crews living in space. Commander Scott Kelly explored maximizing the effects of exercise in space while British astronaut Tim Peake studied how living in space affects using touch-based technologies, repairing sensitive equipment and a variety of other tasks. NASA astronaut Tim Kopra researched how materials burn in space.

Two cosmonauts resized their Russian Orlan spacesuits today, checked them for leaks and set up hardware before next week's maintenance spacewalk. Flight Engineers Sergey Volkov and Yuri Malenchenko will work outside Feb. 3 in their Orlan suits to install hardware and science experiments on the orbital lab's Russian segment.

Quote

Payload Data Handling (PDH) Removal and Replacement: Peake removed the Payload Data Handling (PDH) unit in the JEM and replaced it with PDH2. The PDH unit being replaced is an engineering model flown up on ATV5 to replace a failed PDH. PDH2 provides added capability for support of a hot-standby backup and automatic switchover for contingencies. The PDH units handle commanding to JAXA payloads, downlink channels and High-Rate payload data downlink.

Observation Analysis of Smectic Islands in Space (OASIS) Removal: Kelly completed OASIS removal from the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG), an activity begun last week. Kopra then inserted the Burning and Suppression of Solids-Milliken (BASS-M) experiment into the MSG.

Orbital ATK (OA)-4 Cargo Operations: Peake and Kopra continued transferring Cygnus cargo to ISS today. Approximately 22 hours of transfer operations remain to be completed. Cygnus is scheduled to unberth from ISS on February 19th.

Quote

Ground Activities
All activities were completed unless otherwise noted.
Nominal System Commanding
PDH2 Checkout

Three-Day Look Ahead:
Wednesday, 01/27: Cyclops Install, BASS M, Water Mist PFE Deploy, Cygnus Cargo Transfer
Thursday, 01/28: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, PS120 J Install, JPM Int Port Camera Relocation
Friday, 01/29: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, BASS-M Ops, Lonestar Deploy, Kelly Off Duty

QUICK ISS Status - Environmental Control Group:

Component - Status
Elektron - On
Vozdukh - Manual
[СКВ] 1 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV1") - On
[СКВ] 2 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV2") - Off
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab - Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3 - Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab - Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3 - Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) - Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) - Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab - Full Up
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Node 3 - Off

http://spaceref.com/international-space-station/nasa-international-space-station-on-orbit-status-26-january-2016.html

--------------------------------

NASA International Space Station On-Orbit Status 27 January 2016

Astronaut Scott Kelly (foreground) and Tim Peake load a pair of nanosatellites inside the Japanese Kibo lab module’s airlock. Credit: NASA.

Quote

The six Expedition 46 crew members today prepared for the deployment of a pair of nanosatellites, loaded trash in the Cygnus cargo craft and reviewed timelines and procedures for a Feb. 3 spacewalk. The International Space Station will also raise its orbit ahead of March's crew swap and cargo delivery activities.

Commander Scott Kelly and British astronaut Tim Peake were inside Japan's Kibo laboratory loading a satellite carrier and its deployer mechanism in the lab module's airlock. After the Japanese robotic arm extracts the deployer from the airlock the Aggiesat4 and BEVO-2 nanosatellites will be deployed on Friday. The student-built nanosatellites will help further develop and refine autonomous navigation, rendezvous and docking software and procedures.

Peake then joined NASA astronaut Tim Kopra loading trash inside the Orbital ATK Cygnus supply ship. The private space freighter is due to leave the station Feb. 19 ending its stay at the Harmony module. Next, Kopra moved on to a combustion experiment testing how well different samples resist burning in microgravity.

Cosmonauts Yuri Malenchenko and Sergey Volkov are a week away from the second spacewalk of 2016. The veteran spacewalkers reviewed the timeline and procedures they will use to install hardware and science experiments outside the station's Russian segment on Feb. 3 at 8:10 a.m. EST.

Quote

ine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguishers (PFE) Deployment: Kopra deployed two Fine Water Mist PFEs today. Once the Fine Water Mist PFEs were stowed in the USOS Portable Emergency Provision (PEP) locations, Kopra attached new instruction cue cards to the exterior of each location. Fine Water Mist PFEs are the preferred type of fire extinguisher for open cabin fire scenarios, but cannot be used behind racks. In the event that a Fine Water Mist PFE is unavailable, a CO2 PFE may still be used.

Orbital ATK (OA)-4 Cargo Operations: All three USOS Crew will continue transferring Cygnus cargo to ISS today. As of yesterday afternoon, approximately 22 hours remain to be completed. Cygnus is scheduled to unberth from ISS on February 19th.

ISS Reboost: ISS performed a reboost this afternoon using the Progress 61P thrusters. This reboost is the second in a series of reboosts to target the planned conditions for the Soyuz 44 landing on March 2nd, Soyuz 46 four orbit rendezvous on March 19th, and Progress 63 four orbit rendezvous on March 31st.

Payload Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (MDM) #2 Loss Of Communications: Overnight Payload MDM #2 experienced a High Rate Data Link (HRDL) card latch up, which prevented communications with the MDM and ISS Payloads. Flight Controllers attempted to command a reset of the card twice without success. They then commanded a MDM transition to Payload MDM #1 and have restored communications to ISS Payloads. Later, Ground teams powercycled Payload MDM #2 in order to recover communications with the unit. The MDM is currently serving as a backup to Payload MDM #1.

Quote

Ground Activities
All activities were completed unless otherwise noted.
System commanding associated with ISS Reboost

Three-Day Look Ahead:
Thursday, 01/28: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, PS120 J Install, JPM Int Port Camera Relocation
Friday, 01/29: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, BASS-M Ops, Lonestar Deploy, Kelly Off Duty
Saturday, 01/30: Crew Day Off, Weekly Cleaning

QUICK ISS Status - Environmental Control Group:

Component - Status
Elektron - On
Vozdukh - Manual
[СКВ] 1 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV1") - On
[СКВ] 2 - SM Air Conditioner System ("SKV2") - Off
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab - Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3 - Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab - Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3 - Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) - Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) - Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab - Full Up
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Node 3 - Off

http://spaceref.com/international-space-station/nasa-international-space-station-on-orbit-status-27-january-2016.html

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ISS Reboost

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On Jan. 11, 2016, engines of the Progress M-29M spacecraft docked at the ISS were used to place the outpost into a correct orbit for the launch of the Soyuz TMA-20M spacecraft scheduled for March 2016. According to the mission control in Korolev, the 1,003-second Progress engine firing was initiated at 05:05 Moscow Time. The maneuver boosted the station's average altitude by three kilometers bringing it to 403.8 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

The resulting orbit had following parameters:

Perigee (minimum altitude): 399.8 kilometers;
Apogee (maximum altitude): 422.2 kilometers;
Orbital period: 92.58 minutes;
Orbital inclination toward the Equatorial plane: 51.66 degrees.
Second orbit correction

On Jan. 27, 2016, Progress M-29M conducted another orbit correction of the ISS to enable a short four-orbit rendezvous profile with Soyuz TMA-20M in March 2016. According to the mission control in Korolev, the 333-second engine firing was initiated at 22:40 Moscow Time, boosting the station's orbit by 1.1 kilometers to an average altitude of 403.9 kilometers.

The resulting orbit had following parameters:

Perigee (minimum altitude): 400.3 kilometers;
Apogee (maximum altitude): 425.2 kilometers;
Orbital period: 92.583 minutes;
Orbital inclination toward the Equatorial plane: 51.66 degrees.

http://www.russianspaceweb.com/progress-m29m.html#maneuver

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NanoRacks presses ahead with private airlock

NanoRacks, which has used the airlock on the International Space Station's Kibo module to deploy dozens of customers' cubesats, wants to add its very own airlock to the ISS. Credit: NASA

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NanoRacks is pressing ahead with plans to develop a private airlock module for the International Space Station.

The proposed airlock, estimated to cost $12 million to $15 million, would attach to the station’s Node 3 module and provide an additional means to deploy small satellites from the station.

Satellites today are deployed through an airlock on the Kibo module, but access to that airlock is limited, creating a bottleneck for customers.

Pending NASA approval and private funding, the airlock could be installed on the station as soon as 2018. [Ars Technica]

http://spacenews.com/nanoracks-presses-ahead-with-private-airlock/

6,181 · January 29, 2016

Day of Remembrance as Spacewalk Preps and Cygnus Work Move On

Astronauts Tim Kopra (left) and Scott Kelly talk to the Military Times this morning from the International Space Station. Credit: NASA TV

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Today, NASA remembers the sacrifice of the crews of Apollo 1 and space shuttles Columbia and Challenger. Mission Control Center in Houston and the crew aboard the International Space Station observed a moment of silence and Commander Scott Kelly sent down a few words memorializing the lost astronauts.

The six residents aboard the space station kept up their pace with spacewalk preparations, Cygnus cargo transfers and advanced space science. The orbital laboratory also completed two of a series of reboosts on Wednesday ahead of a crew swap and a cargo delivery planned for March.

Cosmonauts Yuri Malenchenko and Sergey Volkov checked out their Russian Orlan spacesuits and tools before next week’s spacewalk. The duo will install hardware and science experiments on the station’s Russian segment. NASA TV will broadcast the spacewalk live beginning Wednesday at 7:30 a.m. EST.

Astronauts Tim Kopra and Tim Peake worked throughout the day transferring cargo from the Orbital ATK Cygnus space freighter. The Cygnus is due to leave the station’s Harmony module Feb. 19 and burn up over the Pacific Ocean the next day.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/01/28/day-of-remembrance-as-spacewalk-preps-and-cygnus-work-moves-on/

NASA Observes Day of Remembrance

As part of NASA's Day of Remembrance on the 30th anniversary of the Challenger accident, Thursday, January 28, 2016, at Arlington National Cemetery.

http://spaceref.com/onorbit/nasa-observes-day-of-remembrance.html

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NASA Education Express — Jan. 28, 2016

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Check out the following NASA opportunities for the education community. Full descriptions are listed below.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/educationexpress/2016/01/28/nasa-education-express-jan-28-2016/

This list is huge, all kinds of neat activities.....

4,811 · January 29, 2016

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ISS Reboost: ISS performed a reboost this afternoon using the Progress 61P thrusters. This reboost is the second in a series of reboosts to target the planned conditions for the Soyuz 44 landing on March 2nd, Soyuz 46 four orbit rendezvous on March 19th, and Progress 63 four orbit rendezvous on March 31st.

Yeah, they didn't use the Cygnus either. And the loading/unloading of the Cygnus is going at a pretty hectic pace, too. It's ... noteworthy. Hope that environmental seal remains stable.

And commenting on the idea of the new airlock -- 192 Cubesats at once ... now we're talking. :yes:

6,181 · January 30, 2016

ISS Daily Summary Report – 01/28/16

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Story Time from Space: Peake read “Science on the Space Station” from the book Max Goes to the Space Station,” discussed the subject on camera and demonstrated the scientific principles involved. Kelly obtained pictures of Peake while he was reading the book with the Cupola in the background. The video recording will be downlinked to the ground and used for educational purposes.

Sleep Actiwatch Downlink and Configuration: Kelly downloaded data from his and Kornienko’s Actiwatch Spectrums and then configured the devices to continue collecting data. The actiwatches have a photodiode that measures ambient light and an accelerometer to measure the movement of the arm or leg that the watch is attached to. The actiwatch data recorded on the watch supports the Sleep ISS-12 experiment, which assesses the effects of space flight and ambient light exposure on sleep during a year-long mission on the ISS.

Low Earth Orbiting Navigation Experiment for Spacecraft Testing Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking (LONESTAR): Peake depressurized and vented the JEM Airlock today in preparation for the deploy of the LONESTAR tomorrow. LONESTAR contains satellites AggieSat4 (built by Texas A&M University students) and Bevo-2 (built by University of Texas students). After deploy away from the ISS, AggieSat4 ejects the BEVO-2 satellite. Both satellites then perform cross-linking communications, exchange data, link to GPS, and transmit to ground radio stations. LONESTAR is used to further develop and refines autonomous navigation, rendezvous and docking software and procedures. Future NASA missions to destinations such as asteroids and other celestial bodies require the use of autonomous navigation systems.

Orbital ATK (OA)-4 Cargo Operations: All three USOS Crew continued transferring Cygnus cargo to ISS today. As of yesterday afternoon, approximately 17 hours remain to be completed. Cygnus is scheduled to unberth from ISS on February 19th.

Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Internal Port Camera: Peake worked to relocate the JEM internal port camera slightly lower from its current position over the JEM Airlock. The new position will avoid interference with upcoming Stowage Frame installation.

Power Strip (PS)-120 Junction Box Installation: Peak has installed a PS-120 Junction Box within the JEM today. Once installed, he changed the power source for the Freezer-Refrigerator Of STirling cycle (FROST) from Utility Outlet Panel (UOP) to the newly installed junction box.

Sound Level Measurements and Acoustic Blanket: Kopra configured and checked out a new Sound Level Meter, then obtained sound level measurements in Node 3. There was not sufficient time to complete the Acoustic Blanket installation today, therefore the activity will be deferred to an alternate day. The two Acoustic Blankets that were to be installed today were intended to reduce the noise coming from Treadmill 2 (T2), especially near the runner’s head.

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Ground Activities

All activities were completed unless otherwise noted.

Nominal System Commanding

Three-Day Look Ahead:

Friday, 01/29: Cygnus Cargo Transfer, BASS-M Ops, Lonestar Deploy, Kelly Day Off

Saturday, 01/30: Crew Day Off, Weekly Cleaning

Sunday, 01/31: Crew Day Off

QUICK ISS Status – Environmental Control Group:

Component   Status
Elektron   On
Vozdukh   Manual
[СКВ] 1 – SM Air Conditioner System (“SKV1”)   Off
[СКВ] 2 – SM Air Conditioner System (“SKV2”)   On
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Lab   Operate
Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) Node 3   Override
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Lab   Idle
Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA) Node 3   Operate
Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA)   Process
Urine Processing Assembly (UPA)   Standby
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Lab   Full Up
Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) Node 3   Off

https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2016/01/28/iss-daily-summary-report-012816/

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Fungi Survive Mars-Like Conditions On Space Station

An astronaut attaches the EXPOSE-E experiment platform onto the International Space Station.
Credit: ESA

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Some hardy Earth organisms may be able to survive on Mars, a new study suggests.

Two species of tiny fungi from Antarctica survived an 18-month exposure to Mars-like conditions aboard the International Space Station, according to the study, which was published last month in the journal Astrobiology.

The researchers studied two species of microscopic fungus, Cryomyces antarcticus and C. minteri, that were collected from Antarctica's McMurdo Dry Valleys — one of the most Mars-like environments on Earth. These fungi are "cryptoendolithic," meaning that they live within rock cracks.

The fungi were placed within an experiment platform developed by the European Space Agency called EXPOSE-E. Spacewalking astronauts affixed EXPOSE-E to the orbiting lab's exterior.

For 18 months, half of the Antarctic fungi were exposed to simulated Mars conditions — specifically, an atmosphere consisting of 95 percent carbon dioxide, with a pressure of 1,000 pascals (about 1 percent that of Earth at sea level); and high levels of ultraviolet radiation. The other half of the fungi served as a control population.

"The most relevant outcome was that more than 60 percent of the cells of the endolithic communities studied remained intact after 'exposure to Mars,' or rather, the stability of their cellular DNA was still high," study co-author Rosa de la Torre, of the National Institute of Aerospace Technology in Spain, said in a statement.

However, less than 10 percent of the fungi were able to proliferate and form colonies after experiencing the Mars-like conditions, the researchers found.

This work is part of a larger suite of studies aboard the space station called the Lichens and Fungi Experiment (LIFE), "with which we have studied the fate or destiny of various communities of lithic organisms during a long-term voyage into space on the EXPOSE-E platform," de la Torre said in the same statement.

"The results help to assess the survival ability and long-term stability of microorganisms and bioindicators on the surface of Mars — information which becomes fundamental and relevant for future experiments centered around the search for life on the Red Planet," she added.

Searching for signs of life on Mars is a high priority for both the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. Both agencies plan to launch life-hunting rovers toward the Red Planet in the coming years; ESA's ExoMars rover is scheduled to blast off in 2018, and NASA's 2020 Mars rover will launch two years later, if current schedules hold.

Section of rock colonised by cryptoendolithic microorganisms and the Cryomyces fungi in quartz crystals under an electron microscope.
Credit: S. Onofri et al.

http://www.space.com/31772-fungi-survive-mars-conditions-space-station.html

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Four surprising things we learned from research aboard the International Space Station in 2015

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Now that utilization of the orbiting laboratory is in full swing, more and more advances in science are coming out of research conducted aboard the International Space Station than ever before. With close to 500 investigations on-going, the space station continues to be not only a test bed for research that will help us travel further into space, but also continues to provide results that benefit humanity back on Earth. You probably know that this year saw the start of the historic One Year Mission and Twins Study, which will provide critical data and understanding for future missions to deep space. It also marked the first time lettuce has been grown and consumed in space, and we celebrated 15 years of continuous human presence aboard the only microgravity laboratory in the universe. What you may not know are some of the top results that came out in the past year, based on research on the International Space Station. These are my personal top picks.

February 3, 2016	Russian EVA-42 (Malenchenko, Volkov)
February 19, 2016	Cygnus Orb-4 Unberthing & Free Flight
March 2, 2016	Soyuz M-18M Landing (Volkov, Kornienko, Kelly)
March 10, 2016	Cygnus OA-6 Launch atop Atlas V
March 13, 2016	Cygnus OA-6 Rendezvous, Capture & Berthing to Node 1
March 19, 2016	Soyuz TMA-20M Launch & Docking (Ovchinin, Skripochka, Williams)
March 20, 2016	Dragon SpX-8 Launch atop Falcon 9
March 22, 2016	Dragon SpX-8 Capture & Berthing to Harmony
March 29. 2016	Progress M-29M Undocking from Zvezda
March 31, 2016	Progress MS-2 Launch & Docking to Zvezda
April 22, 2016	Dragon SpX-8 Departure & Landing
April /May	Dragon SpX-9
April /May	U.S. EVA-36 & 37

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