Microsoft earlier this month confirmed that the KB5037765 update was failing to install with 0x800f0982/0x80004005 errors. The issue has now been resolved with an out of band (OOB) update.
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Microsoft has confirmed that IT admins may have a hard time installing the latest security updates on systems with Windows Server 2019. Affected systems show a 0x800f0982 error code.
Microsoft has released May 2024 Patch Tuesday cumulative updates for Windows 10 version 21H2 and version 22H2 under KB5037768. There are also new updates for older Windows 10 versions too.